Crowdscourcing Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Crowdscourcing - Term Paper Example Today through crowd sourcing, the company can use a huge number of less technical people to carry out complex and highly ingenious tasks at very low costs. As a result, the basic idea behind crowdsourcing is to increase productivity while at the same time reducing involved costs in the production process (Mau, 2004). This involves the use of internet where the company solicits feedback from a community of many active and passionate people, which will help the company in significantly reducing the time that it would take to collect data about the same information in the field through a research or other formal focus groups. Therefore, by having customers involved in the branding activities, marketing and the product design and development processes, the organization can greatly save on the staffing costs required and cater for the numerous risks and uncertainties in the market place (Mau, 2004). History The process of requiring customers to have an input in developing products is not new. However, open-source software has changed the approach by making it possible for many people to be involved in such a process. In today’s technology, it is possible to have numerous people undertake tasks that would seem too complex for their level of technical knowledge, mainly driven by factors such as the development of blogs social networks such as Facebook, twitter, MySpace and YouTube. This has made the traditional differences producers and consumers to vanish and leave a thin line that becomes hard to isolate, leading to a market that has a collective intelligence (Brabham, 2008). In other words, in the market today, it is possible to access people’s passion, knowledge, their creative ideas and insightful thinking. This translates to improved production and increased innovations numerous minds are brought together in an economy driven by intellectuals. Open source code, the invention of Stallman an MIT graduate that dates back to 1983 has made crowdsourcing in the IT a great success and has helped companies to reap big from crowdsourcing. This led to development of Unix operating system by 1991 where the developer Linus Torvalds, a computer scientists based in Finland requested ideas from people on how to develop a free operating system, which led to the current Linus operating system, which is the globally largest and world most successful open code software today (Howe, 2008). In interface design, users create socially adaptable interfaces that address interface complexity where users come up with customizations linked to specific tasks, which are then made available to an online community through an online repository. Once the users have created a collection of test sets, the users then customize the interfaces created with a keyword search in finding and installing specific task sets, resulting to a situation where users can issue direct commands to the interface. Therefore, crowdsourcing has its origin from academic researchers w ho designed digital resources that supported research and data interpretation methods, which involved visualization of data, computational analysis, data mining and simulations (Oomen & Aroyio, 2011). Consequently, in interface design, the result was that users were henceforth able to automate difficult tasks to compute,

Teenage pregnancy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Teenage pregnancy - Research Paper Example Previously it was believed that teen pregnancies are usually because of socio-economic factors, lack of sex related services and decreased contraception but nowadays this view is challenged by many as all these aspects have been overcome by the growing society (Kost et al 2010). It is a belief that the economic burden that is passed unto teenagers who become pregnant can put a significant strain on the possibility of a brighter future. Moreover, it could be argued that abortion can help alleviate a cycle of poverty in women who themselves are the result of teenage pregnancy. Therefore, abortions are the answer for a pregnant teenager in view of her health, future and career. Different Views on Abortion Smith (2001) carries out a study to explore the negative and adverse effects of teenage pregnancy in the form of premature delivery and stillbirth. The study is carried out in order to understand the adverse perinatal outcomes in teenage pregnancy cases. Teenagers are at a lower risk o f unhealthy outcomes when given 1st birth. Moreover, the risk of caesarean is also loweramong teenage mothers in the first delivery. However, Smith (2001) reveals that second delivery of a teenage mother is highly risky in terms of caesarean and premature or still birth. There is an increase in the teenage pregnancies between the years 2005 and 2006 by 3% (Lewin 2010). The teenage abortion rate has also been increased by approximately 1 percent from 2005 to 2006. These increasing rates are related to the struggles made by government in order to curb this issue. The "abstinence-only programs" supported by Clinton's government are called into question. However, the pregnancy rates are significantly lower in 2005 at 69.5 as compared to 116.9 in 1990. The only issue that is gaining increasing attention from the opposition is the increased rate in 2007 of 71.5 in 2006. Lewin (2010) forms an opinion that Blacks, Hispanics and Whites are all showing increasing trends on teenage pregnancies in the recent years. Teen pregnancy is generally believed to be harmful by many for not only the pregnant woman but also for the baby. Teenage pregnancy can pose health risks to the baby because the teenager woman would not be capable enough to take care of the baby at such a tender age. Similarly the teenager woman would also not be able to support her child financially and thus this would disrupt safety and life plans for the baby. The only way out of these issues to teenagers is abortion. This interruption in pregnancy leads to increased risk of breast cancer among the teenagers (Melbye et al. 1997). The study suggests that the breast cells are proliferated quickly without following the normal procedure which protects the health of the woman. There are certain positive aspects of teenage pregnancy and motherhood which keep the trend going. Seamark (2004) provides a valuable study in this regard by interviewing teenage mothers to evaluate their experiences of having children at a n early age. The responses were quite positive as the teenage mothers tend to be positive in their perceptions, goals and feel more motivated towards their aims by the responsibility of their children. They show a positive attitude towards the busy yet ambitious life to protect and help the children grow healthy and contented (Seamark 2004). The teenage pregnan

Journal 6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Journal 6 - Essay Example As a result it helps the organization to develop a strong and high brand image. Affirmative action can help an organization to take necessary actions against the discrimination. Effective affirmative action helps an organization to ensure equal employment opportunity for each and every employee. It ensures effective training and development program, transparent performance appraisal, and equal compensation distribution for each and every employee. It benefits organizations in several ways. First of all, it helps to reduce the possibility of challenges like employee poaching (Truesdell, 2003). Last but not the least; it influences several key stakeholders to take interest in the business operation process of an organization. Effective EEO and AA help an organization to overcome the possibilities of several types of workplace discrimination as it helps to ensures equal opportunities for each and every capable employee. It actually helps to motivate employees to perform

Advances in Wireless Networks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Advances in Wireless Networks - Essay Example This network will be a controller-based wireless LAN technology that will be used to modernize the daily tasks University of Iland (UoI). This report outlines the specification and design of the new network. Introduction In this report I am going to specify a new controller-based wireless LAN design for University of Iland. The management of University of Iland wants to revolutionize the new technology based processes and network of university. This new technology based infrastructure will offer an excellent support for the potential working and improve performance of university learning, data sharing and educational performance. This specification report will present a comprehensive analysis and specification of new wireless network technology, its requirements, design, systems, equipment and computations required for the establishment of LAN network at University of Iland. Aims and Objectives The key aim and objective of this new wireless technology based structure is to develop an d implement a new technology based framework at University of Iland that will support the School’s Information Technology strategy for the next seven to ten years. This report is aimed at offering a detailed analysis of specification and procurement activities for the implementation of new wireless LAN based Information technology structure.... Structure of the School The school has seen rapid growth in the past five years, particularly after acquiring local consultancy contracts and attracting national research projects. There are many subject groups within the school such as Networks, Artificial Intelligence, Systems Analysis, Design and Informatics, Software engineering and E-Business. P.E. Ryno is the Dean of the School; there are many group leaders subordinate to him. In this scenario, the newly established school of computing has following structure of the subject groups within the school: No- Subject Groups Members of staff 1 Networks group 5 members 2 Artificial Intelligence group 4 members 3 Software engineering group 5 members 4 E-Business group 5 members 5 Admin group 5 members 6 Technicians group 5 members 7 Group Leader Informatics 6 members 8 Group Leader for the technicians 6 members In the context of future growth of present educational structure we are expecting more staff members connecting to network and communication arrangement. It is anticipated that approximately 10-12 members of staff will join this school in the next 5 years Technology Needs Specification There are many system related needs and requirements. This part of report will outline main technologies that will be implemented at University of Iland through the establishment of new information and networking technology structure. For sake of this new technology specification, I will outline some of the main needs of the school network technology. Personal Computers The personal computer will be available to all members of the school staff. These systems will include some of the modern laptops.

Topic is enclosed in the description Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Topic is enclosed in the description - Essay Example bes revolves around situations when the sovereign state needs to call upon the strength of its citizens to provide the state and its people the protection it needs. In dangerous situations, a rational egoist would most likely not risk his life for the protection of the sovereign state. However, if such protection is not provided by the citizens, then the state will revert to a state of nature. And, our lives would be forfeit if the orders of the state are not followed and protection is not provided to the state by the rational egoist. This paper shall be a critical analysis paper on Hobbes’ previously mentioned statement. This analysis shall clarify the position being examined, shall elaborate arguments for or against the position in question, shall carefully assess the adequacy and strength of the arguments by considering possible responses, counter-arguments, or counter-examples, and offer this student’s own assessment of where the arguments for and against the position being considered leave us – and is we should accept, reject, or remain neutral regarding this orientation or position. The dilemma in Hobbes’ statement is on how to bring consistency into his argument or if consistency is even possible in his statement. If consistency is to be brought to his statement, is a state of nature inevitable? Hobbes seems to be advocating that a rational man is not obligated to render service to the state in order to help protect sovereign interests. The dilemma in Hobbes statement can be phrased in the question – why would a rational egoist surrender his sovereignty in the state of nature? (Stanford University Press â€Å"Social Order†). A rational egoist would work through the logic of risking his life and limb in order to protect the state. He would deliberate and ask himself if his sacrifice would be worth the imposed danger on his life. The egoist in him would do everything to avoid danger and pain. He would be thinking of ways to save himself,

Thomas Hobbes and John Locke in Social Contract Theory Essay

Thomas Hobbes and John Locke in Social Contract Theory - Essay Example In these two books, Locke and Hobbes’ views on the social contract can be studied. Although Locke and Hobbes differ in their arguments and perceptions of social contract, they both agree that, in the state of nature, people will be more willing to choose state protection over their liberty. This is the core of social contract theory (Morris, 1999). In the social contract theory, both Hobbes and Locke argue that the state of nature is more likely to experience chaos. However, Locke views the state of nature and natural law from a more positive perspective as compared to Hobbes. Hobbes on the other side argues that highly egoistic people, whose probability of initiating war is very high, inhabit the state of nature. The function of Hobbes and Locke’s social contract theory was to serve as a way of citizens’ rights protection. However, these two differed on the manner in which this could be conducted. While Hobbes thought that a central authority could be responsible for the protection of citizens’ rights, Locke thought that division of power was necessary so that all citizens, including those in authority are held accountable to the law in society (Mack, 2009). Hobbes and Locke similarly address the roots of civilization using their concept of the state of nature. This is a term in political philosophy, which refers to the society without the emergence of the government system. Hobbes describes the state of nature as devoid of rule of war and inhabitants live in fear of death, and in brutality. He links brutality in the state of nature to the lack of rights, including property rights. Therefore, in this state, enmity between people crops from the competition for resources, as there are no rules that determine the legitimacy of property ownership by people. However, Locke’s view on the state of nature sharply contrasts Hobbes’ view. Locke thought that a central authority is not responsible for

Coral Reef and Australia Essay Example for Free

Coral Reef and Australia Essay The great outback! Hey mate! Ever wanted to take an adventurous trip somewhere, but you’re not sure where? Well Australia would be the perfect place to start! Three reasons why Australia should be the first place you visit are for starters, the amazing scenery and beauty of the country, Secondly the exquisite variety of food, and lastly, the unique culture. Australia has one of the most breath taking sceneries in the world, all the way from the Great Barrier Reef to the city of Melbourne. The Great Barrier Reef is known for being the largest coral reef in the world; it is so incredibly vast that it can even be seen all the way from outer space. It is also unbelievably beautiful. Other beautiful places to visit in Australia are the Sydney harbor, which was the first settlement in Australia and you can also find the iconic Sydney opera house there, the beautiful island of Tasmania which is the most mountainous region of Australia and is dotted with beautiful flowing rivers and waterfalls, and also another iconic symbol of Australia the Uluru rock, this rock is famed for its amazing color changes as the sun sets and rises. Australia has so many beautiful sights to visit, which is one fantastic reason to visit Australia. Australian cuisine can vary from your common everyday food that we have here in America, to all kinds of interesting and exotic foods native to Australia. The term â€Å"bush tucker† is used to describe a certain type of cuisine in Australia, that is made up of the native foods in Australia, such as kangaroo, emu, or even crocodile. A lot of foods in Australia contain seafood, as Australia is the third largest fishing zone in the world. Some iconic foods of Australia are, for one, the Chiko roll, a deep-fried savory roll that is also similar to a spring roll. Other iconic foods are vegemite, macadamia nuts, violet crumble, cherry ripe Jaffa’s, and many other different foods. The food in Australia is often described as exotic and delicious. This stimulating food variety is just another great reason why Australia should be at the top on your list of places to visit. The culture in Australia is very interesting and fun, especially if you’re into surfing and water sports, which are very big in Australia, along with other sports such as rugby, cricket, and soccer. Australia is also big into country music, which may come as a surprise to some people, but some great country singers have come from Australia such as Keith Urban. The common apparel in Australia is called surf wear or bush wear, and is very popular among many of the Australian people. As far as religion goes, Australia has no official one, but according to the Australian census, most people are either Christian or irreligious. Most of the Christian are either Roman Catholic, Anglican, or apart of the uniting church. As you now know, Australia has a very interesting and diverse culture, which is the last reason why you should make visiting Australia a priority. In conclusion, Australia is stunningly gorgeous and has many captivating sights and historical scenery to visit while you’re there. It also has a very unique and beloved cuisine that is unlike any other in the world and accordingly very great tasting. Lastly, the variety of culture is just amazing and so fascinating. These are the three main reasons why your next vacation should be a trip to the great outback! See you ther!